博彩平台养
浣熊
A bushy tail marked by 5-7 black or dark brown bands or rings, and a black facial mask with a light border, distinguish this medium-sized animal from other Adirondack 哺乳动物. 的 fur is rather coarse with long guard hairs overlaying the dense underfur. Above, the raccoon is a grizzled gray, brownish gray, or yellowish gray. 腹 是苍白. Individuals differ substantially in the degree of yellow, brown, or black, 存在于皮毛中. Rufous, albino, and black color phases occur but are rare. 的 head is broad with a pointed muzzle, black nose, dark eyes, and slightly pointed, 竖起的耳朵. 的 5 toes of each foot are slender and have sharp claws. 的鞋底 脚是赤裸的. 成年人体重约4.1-13.6公斤(9-30磅). 雄性比 雌性. 的 tail comprises about one-third of the 72 -104 cm (28.3-41.总计0分 长度.
(南河三lotor Linaeus)
来自: 桑德斯,D. A. 1988. 阿迪朗达克哺乳动物. State University of New York, College of Environmental Science 和林业. 216pp.
顺序: 食肉类
家庭: 浣熊科
范围及生境
的 range is from southern Canada south to Panama except for parts of the northern 落基山脉，西南和大盆地. 浣熊是一种罕见而丰富的动物 resident throughout the Adirondack Park where it prefers areas near water. 这些包括 deciduous forests and woodlands, agricultural lands, marshes, swamps, and to a lesser 混交林范围. 的 raccoon is uncommon or absent in coniferous forests above 762米(2500英尺.). This species frequently inhabits the Park’s cities, towns, and hamlets.
Each raccoon dwells in one or more dens which may be located in tree cavities, the abandoned burrows of other 哺乳动物, rock crevices, deserted muskrat houses an beaver lodges, caves old mines, farm buildings, storm sewers, hollow logs, and in residential 区域，甚至烟囱.
食物和摄食行为
的 toes of the front feet of the raccoon are not only long and slender, but they also possess a highly developed sense of touch, and play large role in the raccoon’s 收获植物和动物的食物. 浣熊洗澡或必须湿润的概念 食物是神话. Salivary glands are well-developed and the tendency for this mammal to manipulate food items in water is not related to a need to wet or wash them; in 事实上，很多食物都是不加水分的. 大部分活动可能起作用 in locating, capturing, identifying, and orienting (placing in the mouth) food.
Raspberries, black cherries, beechnuts, acorns, corn, apples, and fungi are some plant materials prominent in the diet of the omnivorous raccoon. 鸟，如鸭子和 their eggs, turtles and their eggs, mice, voles, bats, cottontails, muskrats, ground and tree squirrels, fish, snakes, and frogs are examples of raccoon prey. 无脊椎动物 (insects, earthworms, freshwater mussels, and especially crayfish) are a major dietary 组件,也. 的 raccoon eats both the flesh of dead animals (carrion) and garbage. 浣熊s, like bears, may enter homes and camps in the Adirondacks and pilfer food supplies, and in autumn, consume quantities of sunflower seeds from feeding stations. This animal is well-known for its fondness for raiding sweetcorn patches.
活动和运动
Activity occurs mostly at night, and during any month of the year. 然而，在这里 part of the range, the raccoon may spend most of the winter sleeping in its den, emerging 只在温和的季节觅食. 冬天前的大量觅食导致脂肪增加 为不活跃时期提供能量的储备. 他的不活跃阶段可能会延长 12月至2月的大部分时间.
浣熊用脚底走路、小跑或奔跑. 他们跑步的速度 is about 16-24 km/h (10-15 mph), a pace they do not usually maintain for long. 的 normal means of escaping danger is by climbing the nearest tree, and raccoons are 善于迅速爬上树干. 浣熊通过转动后脚， 能头朝下从树上下来吗. 这个物种是游泳专家，会游泳 很长的距离.
繁殖
浣熊在冬末或早春交配. 妊娠期约为 63天. 女性 give birth to the annual litter of 1-8 (average 2-5) in the den, which in the case of tree cavities, may contain sparse bedding of shredded wood. 新生儿 浣熊重60-75克.1-2.6 oz.)，还有一些头发. 眼睛，闭着 出生后，18-24天后开放. 小浣熊们开始离开洞穴，开始陪伴 雌性在8-12周龄时开始断奶. 一些年轻人继续哺乳 几个月，但也要吃固体食物. 迁徙可能在秋天进行， 或者更常见的，来年春天. 幼崽可能会和母熊一起窝在一起，直到它们长大 成为独立的. Young of both sexes may breed as yearlings or as two-year olds. Potential longevity is 17 years, but few raccoons live beyond 6 years in the wild.
捕食者
的 coyote, fisher, bobcat, red fox, and great horned owl prey upon raccoons, taking 年轻人多于成年人.
社会行为
- 社会制度 浣熊是滥交的. 在交配期间，雄性可能与雌性短暂交往 breeding season, but after mating, each may copulate with additional mates. 女性 with young, and occasionally, sibling groups (usually pairs of non-breeding yearlings 是唯一的社会单位. 成虫除了繁殖时是独居的. 的 home ranges of both sexes may overlap or males may exclude other males. 可用 dens and food, sex, age, season, and weather determine home range size which can vary 从5 ha (12.5 ac) in residential areas to 5000 ha (12,500 ac) in grasslands. 一个家 典型的范围为40-100公顷(100-250 ac). 雄性的活动范围比雌性大. Densities vary greatly, but average one raccoon per 5-43 ha (12.5- 107.5 ac). 当地的 人口可能会波动. Hunting and trapping of this important furbearer, malnutrition, diseases such as canine distemper, and possibly, interactions with other predators 导致衰退.
- 沟通 - Anal and other glands are present, but their role in regulating social behavior 是未知的. Visual displays convey motivation in social encounters. 运动模式 and posturing such as tail lashing, lowering the head, baring the teeth, arching the back, and erecting the hairs on the back are examples of threat and submissive signals in the hostile encounters that may progress to fighting. 嘶嘶，尖叫，嚎叫，咆哮， 吠叫可能伴随着攻击性行为. 黑色面罩可以增强夜视能力 which is excellent, but the contrasting patterns of both face and tail may also serve as important species-recognition characters or as optical reinforcers during display. Purrs, twitters, and other sounds are contact and distress calls of young raccoons.
额外的引用
Barash D.P. 1974. Neighbor recognition in two ̶solitary” carnivores: the raccoon (南河三lotor)和红狐(Vulpes fluva). 科学185:794 - 796.
Fritzell E.K. 1978. 浣熊的外貌(南河三lotor社会组织. 加拿大动物杂志，56 (6):260 - 271.
肯尼迪,米.L. 和S.L. 林赛. 1984. 浣熊的形态变异， 南河三lotor, and its relationship to genetic and environmental variation. 哺乳动物杂志.65:195 – 205.
Lotze J.H. 和S. 安德森. 1979. 南河三lotor. 哺乳动物物种，119:1 - 8.